Vitamin A is a DNA regulator which spurs on collagen and elastin production and maintains pigment control. It stimulates cell renewal and skin repair, increases skin thickness, improves elasticity, works an exfoliant by increasing cellular turnover and can be utilised as an effective acne treatment. It also improves skin texture and tone and decreases enlarged pores. Retinyl palmitate is the most important form of vitamin A as more than 80 per cent of the vitamin A normally found in the skin is retinyl palmitate. It is also the mildest form, producing the least dryness and irritation of the skin. Studies have shown that topically applied retinyl palmitate can even reverse certain aspects of skin ageing.

When used in haircare, Vitamin A normalises cellular function and is therefore ideal for promoting the health of the scalp.

Rich in antioxidants, Black Currant Seed Oil protects skin cells from the kind of free radical-induced damage that results in dryness, skin breakouts and inflammation.

Used in our skincare as a natural colourant.

Obtained by pressing the seeds of the castor oil plant, castor oil is a thick, viscous liquid whose main fatty acid is ricinoleic acid. It is used in cosmetics as an emollient. The antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of castor oil make it useful in reducing acne, while ricinoleic acid can inhibit the growth of the bacteria that cause it. It can also be used to protect burns and wounds from infection.

This powerful herb has superior antioxidant strength, making it a favourite in the preservation of food and cosmetics. Rosemary extract is used to slow microbial growth on food and prevents oxidation of oils in skin care formulations.